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How Does ADHD Medication Work? When a neuron sends a message to another, it uses chemicals called neurotransmitters. These chemicals must travel through a small gap that is called a synapse. Certain ADHD medications help in the transmission of these messages more effective. They either aid neurons in releasing more neurotransmitters or slow down the process of reuptake (called reuptake inhibitors). Doctors begin ADHD patients with a low dose and then monitor their response. They alter the dosage as they go along to determine an “sweet place” — the lowest level that provides an immediate improvement in symptoms and very few side effects. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is the primary type of medication doctors often attempt to assist children with ADHD. It works by increasing the amount of dopamine and norepinephrine in children's brains, which helps them focus and pay attention. It also reduces their hyperactivity and impulsivity. It is important to remember that the methylphenidate drug is a controlled substance and should only be used under the supervision of a doctor. The most common methylphenidate medication is Ritalin. It comes in immediate-release tablets, chewable tablets, and capsules. medication for adults with add of this medication contain artificial sweeteners such as aspartame, which can be harmful for those suffering from phenylketonuria (an inheritable condition that causes severe intellectual disabilities). Be sure to inform your doctor about any food allergies that you or your child suffers from. Researchers have found that methylphenidate reduces aberrant activity in various parts of the brain, such as the nucleus accumbens as well as a network of three brain networks that play a role in adaptive control. This is the reason why methylphenidate is among the most effective medications to treat ADHD. The effects of stimulants can be averted which include a loss of appetite and sleepiness, stomach upset, headache, anxiety or disturbances and antics. They are not common however they can be serious. You should consult your physician immediately if you experience any of these symptoms. Inform your doctor of any heart disease, allergies, depression, bipolar disorders or other mental health issues like glaucoma, seizures, or glaucoma. Also, inform them that you or your child have a history of. It is important to take your methylphenidate exactly in accordance with the prescription of your doctor. Amphetamines Amphetamines can help you concentrate on your thoughts and ignore distractions by speeding up the transmission of messages between brain cells. They are among the most commonly prescribed drugs for treating ADHD in adults and children. They boost the levels of neurotransmitters, dopamine and norepinephrine, in your brain. Amphetamines can be found in short-acting (immediate release) and intermediate- or long-acting versions. They can be consumed orally or through injection. Some people are afflicted by the adverse effects of stimulant medications, like restlessness or trouble sleeping, or increased heart rate and elevated blood pressure. Your doctor will observe the symptoms and adjust the dosage to find the most appropriate one for you. Some people will need to take multiple medications to achieve the desired result. Stimulant drugs affect two important neurotransmitters that are located in the prefrontal cortex. This is the region of the brain that regulates emotions and controls your behavior. These drugs are used to treat a range of mental health problems, including ADD/ADHD, depression, anxiety and bipolar disorder. Amphetamines as well as methylphenidates are the most commonly used stimulant drugs. The FDA has approved a variety of brand-name stimulants for treating ADHD. They are available in a variety of forms – from short-acting stimulants to longer-acting stimulants – and can be consumed orally or injectable. Truck drivers, students and teens who require more energy to perform endurance sports may abuse amphetamines. Amphetamines can cause physical and psychological problems when they are misused, especially at higher doses. Non-stimulant medications can also be effective for treating ADHD. These include atomoxetine clonidine and Guanfacine. They are in the same class as antidepressants and belong to the norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists classes. They work with the same chemicals as stimulants but are less likely to cause tics worse which is a concern for those suffering from Tourette's syndrome. Short-acting stimulants These medicines are used for treating children and teenagers with ADHD. They can be taken through the mouth or applied to the skin. They are available in patches and liquids and pills that can either be chewed or swallowed. These medications are typically only available on prescription. The medications include methylphenidate (brand names Ritalin, Concerta, Focalin, Daytrana), and amphetamines (Adderall, Dexedrine, Vyvanse). Short-acting stimulants are fast acting and last from 3 and 6 hours. These drugs ease symptoms for 70 percent to 80% children and adults with ADHD. They decrease the amount of fidgeting and interruptions, and make it easier to complete your tasks. They also help improve academic performance and interpersonal relationships. However, they can't address the underlying problems that cause ADHD. It's therefore important to utilize them along with behavior therapy. It is also important to know that ADHD medications can have adverse effects. You may feel drowsy, cranky, or sleepless. These effects are usually mild, and they disappear when the medication has left your system. Your doctor may ask you to start with a small dosage and gradually increase it. They'll observe how the medication affects you or your child and check for any issues. Finding the right medication for your child or yourself might take some time. It's best to be open with your health care provider and communicate clearly. They may suggest changes in the amount of medication that you or your child takes or if any medication is required at all. They'll also want to know whether you or your child have any other medical or mental issues. Intermediate stimulants Stimulants control ADHD symptoms by altering the neurotransmitter activity of the brain. This boosts the levels of norepinephrine as well as dopamine, two chemicals important for the pre-frontal cortex area of the brain. (Think of it as “your secretary” in the executive function part of your brain). The majority of children who suffer from ADHD respond well to stimulant medications. Your doctor will help you determine the right dosage and medication for you. You may have to try different types of medication before you find the one that works best for you or your child. You can consume these stimulants in liquid or chewable tablet form. They are quick-acting and last for up to four hours. There are some people who experience problems when the medicine wears off, a phenomenon known as the “crash effect.” This usually involves a sharp decrease in energy and can cause intense hunger. There are also stimulants that act long-lastingly like dexamfetamine and lisdexamfetamine. They are more complicated and require prescriptions. They are injected in the bloodstream and become active in the red blood cells. It can take time to find the right medication, dosage and schedule for your child or you. Your doctor will monitor how you react to the medication and watch for problems like trouble sleeping. If you or your child is not responding well to stimulants, your doctor will also discuss non-stimulant medication. You should never alter or stop taking your ADHD medication without consulting your doctor first. It is also essential to inform your doctor about any prescription supplements or medications you're taking, because certain of them may interact with some ADHD medications. Long-acting stimulants Stimulant medicines are effective for 70 to 80 percent of adults and children with ADHD, helping to cut the amount of hyperactivity, interruptions or fidgeting and impulsivity. They also help improve focus and help people finish tasks and maintain relationships. They might not help reduce moodiness or other troublesome symptoms. They can also cause negative side effects, such as loss of appetite, insomnia and jitteriness. They can also trigger stomachaches, heart rhythm changes, and high blood pressure. The medicines work in stages aiding in the treatment of ADHD symptoms throughout the day. The majority of them begin to show effects within 30 to 45 minutes, and wear off in 3 to 6 hours. They can be used alone or with other types of ADHD treatment, like behavioral therapy. Some of these stimulants that act long-lastingly like atomoxetine (Strattera) and Guanfacine-ER (Intuniv) will last throughout the night and into the morning. Some doctors suggest taking them to fill an afternoon trough so that patients don't need an additional dose of medication at school or afterschool. Long-acting stimulants don't boost dopamine levels as much as short- and intermediate-acting drugs, yet they boost them significantly. They don't have the same rebound effects as stimulants that have shorter-acting effects. Due to the possibility of adverse effects, long-acting stimulants are typically prescribed as a last-line treatment for adults and older teens with ADHD. They are also used to treat some people with ADHD if other medications haven't helped. While medication can improve concentration and self-control, it's never the only solution for people suffering from ADHD. When combined with good sleep habits, healthy eating, and other self-help strategies, it's often possible to decrease or eliminate the need for ADHD medicine.